Botanical name
Mountain pine, Scots pine - Pinus mugo Turra
Family
Pine family (Pinaceae)
Useful information about the plant
Mountain pines form an impenetrable belt made from shrubby, thick branched trees at the edge of the forest of the Northern Limestone Alps, forming an effective avalanche protection. Their branches near the ground (Name: knee-high mountain pine) rise at the end in an arch. In the valleys and on moors they grow up to 10 metres high. The blunt needles are 2 to 5 inches long and grow in pairs on short shoots, which surround the twig-like bottle brushes. The cones are ovoid or conical, standing upright at first, then horizontally and slightly protruding at the back.
Medicinally used parts of plants (herbal drug)
The plant itself is not used, but the "pine oil" collected is. It is an essential oil that is produced by steam distillation from fresh, shredded twigs and their needles from 5 to 7 year old trees.
Constituents of the herbal drug
Mountain pine oil consists of monoterpene hydrocarbons, mainly of pinene, carene, myrcene, phellandrene and limonene.
Quality of the drug
The quality of pine oil (Pini pumilionis aetheroleum) is specified in the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.).
Medical applications
Recognised medical use
Externally to treat rheumatic complaints (heat therapy) and for nerve pain. For inhalation with colds in the respiratory tracts.
Herbal drug preparations in finished dosage forms
Pine oil in alcoholic solutions (also a supplement to rubbing alcohol) for external use in ointments, creams and baths (for colds).
Dosage
Prepared drugs: see package insert;
Externally: Put a few drops of pine oil in hot water and inhale. 5g of oil as bath preparation in a bath (35 - 38 °C) for 10 to 20 minutes and then bathe in it.
Notes
Pine oil is not recommended for bronchial asthma and whooping cough, and is never to be used in the eye. It must never be applied to the face of infants and toddlers up to 2 years old, otherwise there is the risk of spasms or respiratory arrest.
Side effects
Occasionally skin irritations and eczema
Interactions
None known
References
Herbal drug monographs
None published
Further literature
Kommentar zum Europäischen Arzneibuch (Mountain pine oil, no. 2377)